Fuel injection pump



Nov. 22, 1960 w. M. DEAN ETAL 2,960,936

FUEL INJECTION PUMP Filed July 11, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig.1

2 William M. Dean Vernon B. Easley 1 N VE N TORS BY W Nov. 22, 1960 w. M. DEAN ETAL 2,950,936

FUEL INJECTION PUMP Filed July 11, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 g Fig.3;

w s /32 i q x Z I l0 William M. Dean 38 Vernon B. Eas/ey 1N VEN TORS BY W have turned to fuel .injection systems. :fuel injection systems are extremely expensive because f the precision machining required. Also, the fue'l injection system add to the :cost ;of internal combustion Uteci States Patent i and Vernon B. Easley, Tuolumne, Calif. l.)ulie)"s Tavern, 11601-011110, Wenatchee, Wash.)

Filed July 11, 1958, Ser. No. 748,104

3 Claims. (Cl.'103-3,8)

This invention relates in'general to newand useful improvements in pumps, and'more specifically etc ,a fuel injection pump.

Although for many years carburetors have been used in conjunction with gasoline engines, and the injection 0f fuel has been limited to diessel engines andsimilar-oil burning engines, recent efforts to obtain .Ffiiciency from gasoline engines in the automotive industry How er, .su h

engines in that as now manufactured ,it is :a separate'exiternal accessory and thus requires a separate housing, :separate mounting plate, .and'separate drive, etc,, all of which are expensive.

It istherefore the primary ;object of thisinventjon :;to,

provide a simple fuel injection pump intended primarily for use in conjunction with :gasoline 6L gines with-the fuel injection pump being of SllChfliCOIlSllF'glCfiOllWhfii'CbY it may be incorporated in ,theiengine constructionas an integral part thereof thus utilizing the engine block or head as the support means and being Ofesuch=a nature whereby an additional cam shaft may be placed inthe block for driving the pump, the cem'ish ft ;beiug-s p ported by the block and'is readily adaptable to be driven through the regular drive tr-ain .Oflthe internal combustion engine.

Another object of vthis invention is'to 1-provide animprove'd fuel injection pump, the fuel'injection pumpzbeing so constructed wherebyit maybe readily. gmounted inthe block or head of an internal combustion enginethe construction of the pump being .of anxextremely simple nature with the machined partsthereofbeing separatfily made and being readily insertable in the block whereby the manufacture of the pump wmayzxbe carried out at {a minimum of cost.

Another difliculty with ifuelzinjectioni pumps is that -.-it is absolutely necessary that'eachfueliinjectionipumpof a multiple pump system pumpsexactly the-same amount of fuel on each stroke as alliof the other pump,s.;0.f:;t:h system. It is well known that gasolinehas penetrating qualities and thus should there'be-any wearbetweena piston and a cylinder of a pump, igasoline'avill miflmpt to run past the piston. When this '=happens,'1he'ptlmm;

1 heavy fluid such as lubricatingoil,,andtheiuel primarily gasoline, is pumped by means of .a diaphragm, the ,dia-

phragm being actuated by the lubricating oil whereby'the 2,960,936 Patented Nov, 22, 1960 2 emb em at th field b ing massed assuage P st the Pi eu issreatl iminim d- A ann x sbis 9 th s invq tivu s -19JYi a imp ed p icf th ins! in ct o tyne he yi a as ane cug ed hamps wh ch ha 92 end hereo p oseq b a d aphr gm the e bein mqun ed n th sh rebe ta i udina su emeu a s in l t the q li ide h vin mounte th re n s! r s h qqatq mo emen Risen and t beingsqa ql were i r'resi qu s th cylinder, the cy ind r be n prov dedith a u po t wh ch communicates the interior of the-,eylinder with a first iq id eservoir -whe =by%thse eet s stmk .Qf-th P s m y e ar ed w v he fir liq i he s Pump d-in h cham er by th wnistqn; d. aemat aathe diap a whic w l n mm pump th arme liquid hich wi l be th fue to be in e t d- Theseiq e he 'with e he ob ec s an ad anta e his will become subsequently apparent reside in the details at eqns r ctiqaand o e a o m te f l he e n d s r be and e a tn d referen e b n had o th a empa yiu dr w n s farmi g a Pa hereof, er i lik umerals re e to i e Ra t ushou a d i Figur 1 i at m ate s s i u l i ta e th u an inte na pembus on-cnaincand sh wsm m d e ein the fue inj tnn pump whic is th sub e 2 t nvent onure -2. is a fra men ar s c ion l e t n stan ally up n the p ne indi ate by t e se on 1 2-1.0f-Figur 1 an sh s V uuhr thc d ta l of th construc i n of the fue nieetie ump he d iv 1 :for the.-,.fuel iniec icmrump :haviuebi e rot t d: so as t m r i heipi qu there f-i fi pt mpiu c t qn; and

Figure 3 jsairagmenta-ry sectional .yiew taken ;sub- 'stantiailly upon the plane indicated 'by'the section line -3.3.o Fig e 2 an -skew the .cent q im fi Q ip iiouing the cy iu er- Referring now to th draw n :i de il; it wil b seen that-'Vthere 'is i st ated auens ue com en -wh c is referr dto y the-se erenee-u me l 3 .0- The engine mmr nem :10, a .-i us. ted,- ;i r hc ea of h t rna combu ion engin :0? hie t e ue ini tion ump is u e-a Part. Ho eve the n nets mppnem 10 m y be the block or a composite-9f the-block andhead ,of :th internal combustion'engine- T en in com includes a b Porti n 1 ,:an imm i te Pl te 1 and an upper plate :16.

fiarried 'hyathe :engine ;compone nt '-1 0 i s the fuel injection pump which isthe {subject of this invention, the fuel injection-pump being referred toin general by the reference numeral 18.

The fuel injection, pump 18'includes an elongated cham- ;ber 20 whichextendsq-through thebase 12 and the plate "14. The chamber 20 is -generally cylindricalin outline and thelower portiomthereof'is provided with internal *threads '22. That portion of the chamber 20 disposed in the upper partof the base :isenlarged and, provides "Ii re ervoir 24.

The upper end of the chamber 20-is-c1osed by a diaphragm 26 which projects ldown intotheuchamber 20.

The diaphragm 26includes a mountingflange 28 which seated in a recess{iO-forrned in the upper-part of ponent will result in the movement of the cylinder 32 towards or away from the-diaphragm 26. The threads 22 and 34; are of the well-known Acme typev and a,

minor rotational movement of the cylinder 32 will pro nally threaded upper portion 96. The lower end of the duce a relatively great longitudinalmovement off'the cylinder as compared tothe use of regular"threads." Extending through the base 12 and suit'ably' jouriialle'd therein for rotation is a cam shaft 36. The cam shaft 36 is provided with one cam lobe 38 for each of the fuel in-' jection pumps 18. It is to be understood that there will be one fuel injection pump 18 for each cylinder'of the internal combustion engine of which the engine component 10 is a part. The cam lobe 38 disposed 'in thelow e'r'- part of the chamber 20.

Positioned withinthe cylinder 32 for ire ciprocatory movement towards and-away from thediaphragm 26 is a piston 40. The piston 40 has the lower end thereof re-- cessed as at 42 and carries a roller type follower 44 which is, mounted on a pin 46. The follower 44 engages thecam the-piston 40.

lobe 38, and thus transmits the motion of the cain 3'8to. I

In. order that the piston 40 may automatically lts lowermost position, mounted in {the upperpart'of the chamber'20 immediately below the diaphragm 26 is -'a stop member 48. -The stop member 48 provides a seat for a spring 50-whose lower endengagestheupper .end of bore 94 defines a shoulder 98 on which there is seated a check valve member 100. Engaging the check valve memher 100 and resisting the upward movement thereof is a spring 102. The spring 102 bears against the spacer ring 104 which is retained in place .by a fitting 106 threadedly engaged with the threaded portion 96. Fitting 106 carries a return line 108. The purpose of the return line 108 is only that in the event the injection nozzle 90 should be clogged or for some other reason fuel cannot be pumped therethrough, then the fuel will be pumped through the relief line 108 back to the reservoir for the fuel.

It is to be understood that the movement of the piston 40 will be the same for each stroke. In order to control the movement of the diaphragm 26 and thus control the amount of fuel being pumped, the cylinder 32 is provided with a port 110. The port 110 opens through the cylinder 'into the reservoir 24. The cylinder 32 is also provided with a control arm 112 to'which there is connected suitable linkage 114 which may be remotely actuated. By turning the control arm 112 the cylinder 32 may be turned and thus moved towards or away from the diaphragm 26.

By shifting the port 110 towards the diaphragm 26, the

. increased.

ber-48"wi1l have'a'suflicient opening therethrough to per-'- mit the passage of the liquid pumped by the piston 40.

In'orde'r that-movement of the piston 40 will causea like movement to the diaphragm 26, the reservoir 24 will be' filled with "a first liquid to be pumped, the first liquid bein'g preferably lubricating oil of-thesame typewhich will be used in the crankcase of the internal combustion. engineof-which the engine componentlfl is apart. Thus should there be any. leakage of the first liquid into the crankcase of the internal combustion engine, this would in no way dilute the lubricating, oil andhave angilletfect L on the parts of the internal combustion engine. In-ord'er that the reservoir 24 may remain filledat all. times,'th'ere' is formed in the plates 14 and 16 aligned passages '52 and 5 4 which open into the reservoir 24.- The passage 54'has an enlarged internally threaded upper part 56- in which there is'threadedly engaged a fitting 58 carrying a first liquid supply pipe 60. It is desirablethat the-level of the first liquid be maintained well above the reservoir 24, as is shown by the. line 62in Figure l,

tween the piston and the diaphragm 26, there is the first liquid is being compressed bealways the possibility that the small amount of the first liquid may pass between the piston 40 and cylinder 32. Thus when this happens and the piston 40 moves downwardly, 'a vacuum will be created between the piston 40 and the diaphragm 26. In order to prevent this, there is provided a relief passage 116 which extends from the upper part of the chamber 20 down into the reservoir 24. The relief Inasmuch as ,pas'sa g e 116 has mounted in the lower end thereof a check valve assembly which is referred to in general by the refer'ence'numeral-118. Thus. the liquid from the reservoir 20 may be'only drawn into the chamber 20 and not I there has been devised an extremely simple pump of the The plate 16 has a second liquid inlet passa'g e 64 extending therethrough and opening into the upper end of the chamber 20 above thediaphragrn-26, The'upper end of -'the passage 24 is in the form of an enlarged bore. 66

which terminates in" an upper internally threaded portion 68. The lower end of the bore 66 definies a seat 70 on which there is seated a spring 72 for a check valve 74'.

'The check valve 74-is retained against upward movement portion in-which there is threadedly engaged in fitting 86 whichdn tu rncarries an outlet pipe 88 for the'second liquid. "I'heoutlet pipe 88 hasconnected thereto an inj e'ction nozzle 90 which may be any desired construction.

The injection nozzle 90 will be so mounted in the cylinder head of theinternal combustion engine so as to spray the fuel being pumped directly into the combustion'chamber... Y

'The plate 1 6 is also provided with a relief passage 92 which opens-into the chamber 29 above the diaphragm 26. The upper ,po rtion of thelr'elie f passage 92 isfin the sage 82 includesan enlarged-internally threaded up er I fuel injection type, which pump is so constructed whereby it may be incorporated in an engine as a part thereof thus eliminating the necessity for a separate housing and separate drive'rather than the conventional cam shaft disclosed. Furthermore, by utilizing a first liquid to pump the second liquid, which second liquid is the fuel injector, there can be no dilution of the lubrication system for either the pump or the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, by using a relatively heavy liquid as the initial pumping agent, the escape of the liquid past the piston is substantially prevented and thus accurate amount of fuel is injected on each stroke of the piston.

The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of'the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and de- -'scribed. and accordingly all suitable modifications and equivalents maybe resorted to, falling withinthe scope of the invention as claimed.

What is'claimed as new is as follows:

11 1. A'n injection tvpe pump for fuel and the like. said purrip comprising a hous ng defining an elongated pulsator chamber, a'diaphragm closing one end of said chamber,

' said diaphragm projecting into said chamber, a cylinder,

cooperating means on said cylinder and said housing for moving said cylinder longitudinally of said chamber towardand away from said diaphragm. a reservoir sur- ,;rounding said cylinder, a piston disposed in said cylinder in spaced relation to said diaphragm. means carried by said housing and engaging said piston'for effecting re- .5 ciprocation of said piston, an inlet passage in said housing in communication with said diaphragm remote from said chamber for admitting a first liquid, a first liquid outlet passage in said housing in communication with said diaphragm remote from said chamber, a second liquid disposed within said reservoir, a port through said cylinder communicating the interior of said cylinder intermediate said piston and said diaphragm with said reservoir, whereby said piston pumps said second liquid which in turn actuates said diaphragm to pump said first liquid with the position of said port relative 'to said piston controlling the volume of pumping of said 'first liquid, a stop member fixed in said chamber between the piston and the diaphragm, a return spring in .said chamber in contact with said piston and said stop .member.

2. An injection type pump for fuel and the like, said pump comprising a housing defining an elongated pulsator chamber, a diaphragm closing one end of said chamber, said diaphragm projecting into said chamber, a cylinder, cooperating means on said cylinder and said housing for moving said cylinder longitudinally of said chamber toward and away from said diaphragm, a reservoir surrounding said cylinder, a piston disposed in said cylinder in spaced relation to said diaphragm, means carried by said housing and engaging said piston for efiecting reciprocation of said piston, an inlet passage in said housing in communication with said diaphragm remote from said chamber for admitting a first liquid, 2. first liquid outlet passage in said housing in communication with said diaphragm remote from said chamber, a second liquid disposed within said reservoir, a port through said cylinder communicating the interior of said cyliuder intermediate said piston and said diaphragm with said reservoir, whereby said piston pumps said second liquid which in turn actuates said diaphragm to pump said first liquid with the position of said port relative to said piston controlling the volume of pumping of said first liquid, a stop member fixed in said chamber between the piston and the diaphragm, a return spring in said chamber in contact with said piston and said stop member, a vacuum relief line communicating said reservoir with said chamber intermediate said piston and said stop member to compensate for the leakage of said second liquid past said piston.

3. The combination of claim 2 wherein said cylinder is threadedly engaged in said housing, and a control arm eccentrically secured to said cylinder depending from said housing.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 862,867 Eggleston Aug. 6, 1907 1,650,377 Nixon Nov. 22, 1927 2,041,468 Grubbs May 19, 1936 2,046,491 Scott July 7, 1936 2,301,407 Houser et al. Nov. 10, 1942 2,424,595 Warren July 29, 1947 2,444,586 Wuensch July 6, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS 439,980 Italy Oct. 4, 1948 1,117,231 France Feb. 20, 1956 

